Official speed |
85.87 wpm (120.74 seconds elapsed during race) |
Without ending ping |
85.93 wpm (79 ms delay sending score to TypeRacer’s server) |
Timerless |
86.63 wpm (987 ms elapsed before first character typed; 119.68 seconds elapsed during race) |
Timerless minus one |
86.53 wpm, ignoring the first character typed |
Race Start |
October 23, 2023 8:45:33pm UTC |
Race Finish |
October 23, 2023 8:47:34pm UTC |
Outcome |
No win (3 of 4) |
Opponents |
1. oren132 (92.49 wpm)
4. sekasmeowmix (73.96 wpm)
|
Accuracy |
96.8% |
Points |
231.85 |
Text |
#4940058 (Length: 864 characters) Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? How does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poured into it? We see change occurring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instantaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give precise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The idea of a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus. |
Characters typed |
Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related eto to a change in naanother. ohOHow does the speed of a falling obejject change a s a function of time? Hoew does the level of water in a beareerel change as a functtion ion of the amount of liquid poured into it> ? We see change cooccuring iring in nearly everything we observed in the world and unverseiverse, and powerful modern instrucmments help us see more and more. In this section we intrudoduce the ideas of average and instancetaneous rates of change, and hshow that they are closerly ly realatlated to the slope of a curve at a point IP on th ece curve. WWe give precise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use aan informal approach yso you will see how they lead natutrally to the main idea of this chapter, th elie limtitmt. . The idea of a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus. |
Timing |
Character |
C |
a |
l |
c |
u |
l |
u |
s |
|
i |
s |
|
a |
|
t |
o |
o |
l |
|
t |
h |
a |
t |
|
h |
Milliseconds |
987 |
330 |
90 |
317 |
115 |
280 |
105 |
93 |
70 |
144 |
72 |
138 |
52 |
135 |
108 |
76 |
135 |
115 |
82 |
61 |
112 |
36 |
66 |
79 |
118 |
Character |
e |
l |
p |
s |
|
u |
s |
|
u |
n |
d |
e |
r |
s |
t |
a |
n |
d |
|
h |
o |
w |
|
a |
|
Milliseconds |
106 |
41 |
164 |
108 |
132 |
233 |
65 |
117 |
251 |
55 |
37 |
103 |
79 |
182 |
26 |
150 |
109 |
64 |
95 |
117 |
50 |
50 |
137 |
225 |
47 |
Character |
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
o |
n |
e |
|
q |
u |
a |
n |
t |
i |
t |
y |
|
i |
s |
Milliseconds |
100 |
96 |
83 |
35 |
142 |
86 |
27 |
134 |
50 |
101 |
105 |
105 |
36 |
124 |
126 |
59 |
89 |
107 |
141 |
64 |
130 |
125 |
94 |
157 |
94 |
Character |
|
r |
e |
l |
a |
t |
e |
d |
|
e |
t |
o |
|
- |
-o |
-t |
-e |
t |
o |
|
a |
|
c |
h |
a |
Milliseconds |
109 |
155 |
38 |
101 |
98 |
91 |
213 |
53 |
114 |
28 |
167 |
24 |
102 |
228 |
63 |
144 |
115 |
90 |
61 |
74 |
215 |
65 |
95 |
73 |
86 |
Character |
n |
g |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
n |
a |
-a |
-n |
a |
n |
o |
t |
h |
e |
r |
. |
|
o |
-o |
h |
O |
-O |
Milliseconds |
32 |
119 |
115 |
94 |
96 |
77 |
82 |
194 |
45 |
246 |
116 |
161 |
0 |
261 |
116 |
48 |
81 |
55 |
85 |
47 |
323 |
312 |
332 |
291 |
275 |
Character |
-h |
H |
o |
w |
|
d |
o |
e |
s |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
s |
p |
e |
e |
d |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
Milliseconds |
74 |
194 |
156 |
117 |
142 |
75 |
79 |
74 |
61 |
37 |
161 |
22 |
97 |
103 |
77 |
90 |
107 |
132 |
171 |
50 |
157 |
76 |
56 |
115 |
56 |
Character |
f |
a |
l |
l |
i |
n |
g |
|
o |
b |
e |
j |
-j |
-e |
j |
e |
c |
t |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
Milliseconds |
150 |
58 |
118 |
95 |
125 |
46 |
162 |
38 |
77 |
101 |
99 |
91 |
250 |
79 |
104 |
105 |
40 |
158 |
49 |
150 |
0 |
110 |
23 |
135 |
83 |
Character |
|
a |
|
- |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
n |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
i |
m |
e |
? |
Milliseconds |
103 |
95 |
116 |
244 |
336 |
90 |
124 |
76 |
264 |
38 |
87 |
99 |
125 |
31 |
93 |
15 |
123 |
112 |
80 |
118 |
68 |
59 |
80 |
72 |
356 |
Character |
|
H |
o |
e |
-e |
w |
|
d |
o |
e |
s |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
l |
e |
v |
e |
l |
|
o |
f |
|
Milliseconds |
143 |
217 |
168 |
194 |
408 |
104 |
115 |
78 |
102 |
76 |
59 |
82 |
114 |
52 |
106 |
30 |
160 |
73 |
73 |
89 |
49 |
109 |
125 |
49 |
101 |
Character |
w |
a |
t |
e |
r |
|
i |
n |
|
a |
|
b |
e |
-e |
a |
r |
e |
e |
-e |
-e |
r |
e |
l |
|
c |
Milliseconds |
139 |
87 |
141 |
97 |
48 |
48 |
96 |
90 |
38 |
124 |
91 |
202 |
156 |
297 |
36 |
173 |
181 |
161 |
445 |
54 |
264 |
63 |
132 |
77 |
149 |
Character |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
a |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
n |
c |
t |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
- |
-n |
-o |
-i |
Milliseconds |
44 |
78 |
69 |
86 |
99 |
71 |
63 |
123 |
47 |
154 |
89 |
122 |
104 |
121 |
0 |
189 |
429 |
57 |
67 |
54 |
87 |
334 |
68 |
128 |
137 |
Character |
-t |
i |
o |
n |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
a |
m |
o |
u |
n |
t |
|
o |
f |
|
l |
i |
q |
Milliseconds |
148 |
171 |
43 |
57 |
109 |
135 |
97 |
52 |
142 |
33 |
146 |
0 |
174 |
134 |
63 |
101 |
155 |
58 |
133 |
87 |
83 |
63 |
98 |
86 |
159 |
Character |
u |
i |
d |
|
p |
o |
u |
r |
e |
d |
|
i |
n |
t |
o |
|
i |
t |
> |
|
- |
-> |
? |
|
W |
Milliseconds |
87 |
72 |
242 |
153 |
405 |
307 |
100 |
68 |
235 |
73 |
92 |
79 |
66 |
167 |
46 |
89 |
238 |
81 |
358 |
74 |
337 |
121 |
591 |
200 |
256 |
Character |
e |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
c |
o |
-o |
-c |
o |
c |
c |
u |
r |
i |
n |
g |
Milliseconds |
259 |
114 |
127 |
142 |
121 |
87 |
39 |
106 |
63 |
88 |
134 |
103 |
109 |
116 |
73 |
240 |
87 |
166 |
147 |
138 |
93 |
137 |
64 |
81 |
131 |
Character |
|
i |
-i |
- |
-g |
-n |
-i |
r |
i |
n |
g |
|
i |
n |
|
n |
e |
a |
r |
l |
y |
|
e |
v |
e |
Milliseconds |
82 |
96 |
212 |
95 |
141 |
123 |
140 |
94 |
87 |
26 |
181 |
45 |
188 |
53 |
74 |
231 |
89 |
73 |
91 |
85 |
108 |
62 |
402 |
64 |
91 |
Character |
r |
y |
t |
h |
i |
n |
g |
|
w |
e |
|
o |
b |
s |
e |
r |
v |
e |
d |
-d |
|
i |
n |
|
t |
Milliseconds |
63 |
76 |
98 |
115 |
55 |
100 |
149 |
84 |
140 |
105 |
118 |
207 |
70 |
152 |
132 |
31 |
75 |
90 |
174 |
408 |
92 |
151 |
39 |
106 |
88 |
Character |
h |
e |
|
w |
o |
r |
l |
d |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
u |
n |
v |
e |
r |
s |
e |
-e |
-s |
-r |
-e |
-v |
Milliseconds |
81 |
85 |
0 |
153 |
102 |
66 |
114 |
89 |
112 |
117 |
110 |
152 |
110 |
148 |
55 |
200 |
51 |
68 |
124 |
45 |
236 |
58 |
162 |
66 |
224 |
Character |
i |
v |
e |
r |
s |
e |
, |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
p |
o |
w |
e |
r |
f |
u |
l |
|
m |
o |
d |
e |
Milliseconds |
177 |
155 |
62 |
44 |
111 |
114 |
32 |
110 |
120 |
85 |
117 |
25 |
213 |
84 |
121 |
45 |
69 |
192 |
103 |
97 |
26 |
174 |
54 |
103 |
32 |
Character |
r |
n |
|
i |
n |
s |
t |
r |
u |
c |
m |
-m |
-c |
m |
e |
n |
t |
s |
|
h |
e |
l |
p |
|
u |
Milliseconds |
236 |
126 |
68 |
160 |
50 |
118 |
139 |
175 |
61 |
123 |
273 |
317 |
84 |
177 |
50 |
110 |
97 |
167 |
71 |
182 |
166 |
31 |
227 |
391 |
139 |
Character |
s |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
m |
o |
r |
e |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
m |
o |
r |
e |
. |
|
I |
n |
|
t |
Milliseconds |
67 |
91 |
191 |
160 |
127 |
30 |
95 |
91 |
16 |
95 |
0 |
205 |
69 |
154 |
72 |
184 |
32 |
75 |
28 |
133 |
27 |
204 |
86 |
53 |
71 |
Character |
h |
i |
s |
|
s |
e |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
w |
e |
|
i |
n |
t |
r |
u |
d |
-d |
-u |
o |
d |
Milliseconds |
121 |
28 |
93 |
20 |
185 |
106 |
140 |
172 |
43 |
45 |
47 |
39 |
106 |
64 |
157 |
97 |
64 |
228 |
175 |
97 |
138 |
383 |
63 |
332 |
148 |
Character |
u |
c |
e |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
v |
e |
r |
a |
g |
e |
|
Milliseconds |
101 |
39 |
161 |
136 |
130 |
54 |
170 |
46 |
155 |
50 |
73 |
78 |
201 |
160 |
101 |
109 |
53 |
220 |
95 |
113 |
103 |
90 |
110 |
110 |
91 |
Character |
a |
n |
d |
|
i |
n |
s |
t |
a |
n |
c |
e |
-e |
-c |
t |
a |
n |
e |
o |
u |
s |
|
r |
a |
t |
Milliseconds |
166 |
82 |
126 |
60 |
128 |
78 |
161 |
139 |
80 |
93 |
106 |
94 |
286 |
101 |
151 |
90 |
87 |
436 |
130 |
61 |
163 |
61 |
189 |
63 |
156 |
Character |
e |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
, |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
h |
-h |
s |
h |
o |
w |
|
Milliseconds |
46 |
80 |
113 |
98 |
114 |
33 |
606 |
29 |
113 |
54 |
122 |
87 |
120 |
53 |
99 |
116 |
31 |
138 |
97 |
279 |
89 |
79 |
97 |
37 |
153 |
Character |
t |
h |
a |
t |
|
t |
h |
e |
y |
|
a |
r |
e |
|
c |
l |
o |
s |
e |
r |
l |
y |
|
- |
-y |
Milliseconds |
50 |
120 |
34 |
52 |
71 |
155 |
0 |
146 |
0 |
88 |
73 |
64 |
71 |
36 |
274 |
43 |
150 |
73 |
74 |
152 |
0 |
82 |
137 |
305 |
42 |
Character |
-l |
-r |
l |
y |
|
r |
e |
a |
l |
a |
t |
-t |
-a |
-l |
-a |
l |
a |
t |
e |
d |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
Milliseconds |
147 |
130 |
176 |
234 |
286 |
79 |
52 |
104 |
45 |
180 |
65 |
189 |
65 |
151 |
117 |
176 |
70 |
86 |
115 |
69 |
84 |
121 |
29 |
60 |
98 |
Character |
h |
e |
|
s |
l |
o |
p |
e |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
c |
u |
r |
v |
e |
|
a |
t |
|
a |
|
Milliseconds |
83 |
79 |
107 |
190 |
132 |
198 |
320 |
214 |
123 |
242 |
119 |
81 |
135 |
94 |
168 |
89 |
122 |
138 |
97 |
102 |
103 |
105 |
158 |
75 |
158 |
Character |
p |
o |
i |
n |
t |
|
I |
-I |
P |
|
o |
n |
|
t |
h |
|
e |
c |
-c |
-e |
- |
e |
|
c |
u |
Milliseconds |
74 |
102 |
202 |
48 |
89 |
140 |
228 |
264 |
205 |
294 |
173 |
51 |
121 |
55 |
162 |
92 |
31 |
290 |
183 |
79 |
111 |
159 |
102 |
77 |
125 |
Character |
r |
v |
e |
. |
|
W |
W |
-W |
e |
|
g |
i |
v |
e |
|
p |
r |
e |
c |
i |
s |
e |
|
d |
e |
Milliseconds |
79 |
155 |
114 |
130 |
67 |
476 |
67 |
626 |
74 |
131 |
168 |
48 |
144 |
129 |
100 |
206 |
159 |
85 |
182 |
70 |
165 |
40 |
148 |
178 |
69 |
Character |
v |
e |
l |
o |
p |
m |
e |
n |
t |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
e |
s |
e |
|
i |
m |
p |
o |
r |
Milliseconds |
170 |
47 |
93 |
162 |
34 |
123 |
64 |
80 |
71 |
114 |
50 |
164 |
70 |
6 |
207 |
42 |
96 |
74 |
122 |
48 |
175 |
46 |
102 |
126 |
34 |
Character |
t |
a |
n |
t |
|
c |
o |
n |
c |
e |
p |
t |
s |
|
i |
n |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
n |
e |
x |
t |
Milliseconds |
158 |
37 |
49 |
165 |
37 |
162 |
43 |
77 |
147 |
63 |
96 |
109 |
123 |
71 |
122 |
36 |
95 |
22 |
110 |
55 |
47 |
203 |
51 |
191 |
134 |
Character |
|
c |
h |
a |
p |
t |
e |
r |
, |
|
b |
u |
t |
|
f |
o |
r |
|
n |
o |
w |
|
w |
e |
|
Milliseconds |
67 |
130 |
44 |
64 |
121 |
140 |
118 |
39 |
111 |
34 |
162 |
43 |
120 |
77 |
95 |
89 |
79 |
26 |
90 |
86 |
108 |
32 |
138 |
45 |
148 |
Character |
u |
s |
e |
|
a |
-a |
a |
n |
|
i |
n |
f |
o |
r |
m |
a |
l |
|
a |
p |
p |
r |
o |
a |
c |
Milliseconds |
146 |
125 |
30 |
134 |
387 |
295 |
304 |
98 |
98 |
64 |
84 |
208 |
110 |
125 |
41 |
163 |
55 |
117 |
200 |
104 |
113 |
105 |
99 |
30 |
172 |
Character |
h |
|
y |
-y |
s |
o |
|
y |
o |
u |
|
w |
i |
l |
l |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
h |
o |
w |
|
t |
Milliseconds |
126 |
178 |
233 |
246 |
66 |
67 |
43 |
207 |
51 |
77 |
51 |
102 |
69 |
134 |
484 |
111 |
140 |
32 |
212 |
133 |
137 |
60 |
205 |
0 |
228 |
Character |
h |
e |
y |
|
l |
e |
a |
d |
|
n |
a |
t |
u |
t |
-t |
r |
a |
l |
l |
y |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
Milliseconds |
62 |
135 |
42 |
144 |
98 |
151 |
56 |
173 |
94 |
159 |
62 |
228 |
282 |
56 |
362 |
179 |
57 |
76 |
171 |
99 |
42 |
138 |
40 |
62 |
269 |
Character |
h |
e |
|
m |
a |
i |
n |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
i |
s |
|
c |
h |
a |
p |
Milliseconds |
44 |
125 |
27 |
169 |
51 |
97 |
45 |
109 |
164 |
43 |
84 |
41 |
125 |
151 |
49 |
142 |
111 |
103 |
59 |
103 |
92 |
108 |
111 |
82 |
97 |
Character |
t |
e |
r |
, |
|
t |
h |
|
e |
l |
i |
-i |
-l |
-e |
- |
e |
|
l |
i |
m |
t |
-t |
i |
t |
m |
Milliseconds |
86 |
144 |
31 |
14 |
96 |
157 |
33 |
161 |
0 |
214 |
96 |
225 |
101 |
108 |
131 |
97 |
170 |
178 |
63 |
153 |
133 |
454 |
201 |
108 |
45 |
Character |
-m |
t |
. |
|
- |
-. |
-t |
. |
|
T |
h |
e |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
l |
i |
Milliseconds |
556 |
150 |
140 |
74 |
318 |
64 |
146 |
239 |
74 |
192 |
234 |
55 |
129 |
237 |
114 |
55 |
48 |
139 |
103 |
132 |
40 |
111 |
129 |
112 |
107 |
Character |
m |
i |
t |
|
p |
l |
a |
y |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
o |
u |
n |
d |
a |
t |
i |
o |
n |
a |
l |
|
Milliseconds |
142 |
102 |
66 |
448 |
87 |
199 |
86 |
103 |
160 |
106 |
177 |
86 |
375 |
32 |
76 |
200 |
37 |
59 |
183 |
334 |
59 |
39 |
170 |
40 |
142 |
Character |
r |
o |
l |
e |
|
t |
h |
r |
o |
u |
g |
h |
o |
u |
t |
|
c |
a |
l |
c |
u |
l |
u |
s |
. |
Milliseconds |
250 |
95 |
219 |
136 |
117 |
133 |
52 |
96 |
53 |
94 |
137 |
69 |
141 |
42 |
123 |
36 |
217 |
41 |
93 |
309 |
87 |
494 |
364 |
82 |
96 |
|
WPM Timing |
Seconds |
WPM |
2.41 |
44.72 |
4.83 |
79.51 |
7.24 |
94.42 |
9.66 |
99.39 |
12.07 |
95.41 |
14.49 |
89.45 |
16.9 |
87.32 |
19.32 |
88.21 |
21.73 |
88.9 |
24.15 |
88.95 |
26.56 |
91.71 |
28.98 |
88.21 |
31.39 |
89.45 |
33.81 |
88.03 |
36.22 |
87.79 |
38.64 |
85.72 |
41.05 |
85.36 |
43.47 |
82.82 |
45.88 |
83.96 |
48.3 |
84.23 |
50.71 |
83.53 |
53.13 |
84.48 |
55.54 |
84.05 |
57.96 |
84.27 |
60.37 |
86.07 |
62.79 |
85.43 |
65.2 |
86.13 |
67.61 |
85.72 |
70.03 |
86.02 |
72.44 |
87.46 |
74.86 |
86.08 |
77.27 |
85.72 |
79.69 |
85.68 |
82.1 |
85.21 |
84.52 |
84.48 |
86.93 |
83.93 |
89.35 |
85.02 |
91.76 |
86.31 |
94.18 |
87.54 |
96.59 |
87.09 |
99.01 |
87.02 |
101.42 |
87.2 |
103.84 |
86.91 |
106.25 |
87.75 |
108.67 |
87.35 |
111.08 |
85.99 |
113.5 |
85.96 |
115.91 |
85.82 |
118.33 |
86 |
120.74 |
85.87 |
|