Official speed |
95.42 wpm (108.66 seconds elapsed during race) |
Without ending ping |
95.73 wpm (347 ms delay sending score to TypeRacer’s server) |
Timerless |
96.03 wpm (339 ms elapsed before first character typed; 107.97 seconds elapsed during race) |
Timerless minus one |
95.92 wpm, ignoring the first character typed |
Race Start |
September 23, 2023 8:22:28am UTC |
Race Finish |
September 23, 2023 8:24:17am UTC |
Outcome |
Win (1 of 5) |
Opponents |
2. doquannnn (92.43 wpm)
3. flashahyea (79.08 wpm)
|
Accuracy |
97.1% |
Points |
257.64 |
Text |
#4940058 (Length: 864 characters) Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? How does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poured into it? We see change occurring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instantaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give precise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The idea of a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus. |
Characters typed |
Calculus is at tool that helps us understand how a changee in one quanititity is relatyeded to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling obvjejecty hcchange as a function of time? How does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amounft of liquid [poured into it? We see change occurinring in nearly everythin g we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern insturruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of eaverage iand instanteaaneoouus rated s of change, and show that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at apoi point P on the curve. We give precise developments otf these important concepts in the next chaptye,er. biut. biul, vbubut for now we use an informal pprapproach so you will see how they lead natuarrally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. THe ihe idea of a limit plays a foundational role thorugroughout calculus. |
Timing |
Character |
C |
a |
l |
c |
u |
l |
u |
s |
|
i |
s |
|
a |
t |
-t |
|
t |
o |
o |
l |
|
t |
h |
a |
t |
Milliseconds |
339 |
102 |
160 |
121 |
168 |
200 |
184 |
131 |
106 |
90 |
84 |
74 |
80 |
178 |
275 |
149 |
96 |
64 |
152 |
156 |
92 |
100 |
84 |
20 |
64 |
Character |
|
h |
e |
l |
p |
s |
|
u |
s |
|
u |
n |
d |
e |
r |
s |
t |
a |
n |
d |
|
h |
o |
w |
|
Milliseconds |
75 |
113 |
85 |
92 |
56 |
84 |
99 |
145 |
75 |
65 |
228 |
113 |
62 |
141 |
144 |
80 |
104 |
128 |
96 |
80 |
76 |
116 |
80 |
39 |
116 |
Character |
a |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
e |
-e |
|
i |
n |
|
o |
n |
e |
|
q |
u |
a |
n |
i |
t |
i |
Milliseconds |
82 |
111 |
164 |
76 |
76 |
104 |
92 |
168 |
111 |
300 |
133 |
99 |
65 |
43 |
100 |
76 |
68 |
73 |
136 |
332 |
136 |
87 |
84 |
113 |
139 |
Character |
-i |
-t |
-i |
t |
i |
t |
y |
|
i |
s |
|
r |
e |
l |
a |
t |
y |
e |
d |
-d |
-e |
-y |
e |
d |
|
Milliseconds |
234 |
146 |
141 |
132 |
83 |
106 |
161 |
127 |
63 |
105 |
49 |
143 |
59 |
157 |
120 |
99 |
0 |
72 |
156 |
160 |
165 |
160 |
95 |
33 |
108 |
Character |
t |
o |
|
a |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
a |
n |
o |
t |
h |
e |
r |
. |
|
H |
Milliseconds |
111 |
89 |
57 |
67 |
107 |
101 |
111 |
73 |
100 |
68 |
70 |
70 |
65 |
64 |
64 |
75 |
84 |
73 |
116 |
91 |
46 |
74 |
133 |
104 |
172 |
Character |
o |
w |
|
d |
o |
e |
s |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
s |
p |
e |
e |
d |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
f |
a |
Milliseconds |
100 |
53 |
99 |
116 |
59 |
61 |
153 |
83 |
112 |
103 |
73 |
84 |
106 |
63 |
100 |
127 |
113 |
100 |
87 |
77 |
68 |
67 |
97 |
84 |
119 |
Character |
l |
l |
i |
n |
g |
|
o |
b |
v |
j |
e |
-e |
-j |
-v |
j |
e |
c |
t |
y |
|
- |
-y |
|
h |
c |
Milliseconds |
85 |
132 |
180 |
59 |
73 |
68 |
99 |
255 |
0 |
290 |
97 |
144 |
139 |
166 |
212 |
63 |
84 |
172 |
12 |
96 |
256 |
155 |
241 |
317 |
0 |
Character |
-c |
-h |
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
a |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
n |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
o |
f |
Milliseconds |
271 |
142 |
122 |
80 |
75 |
84 |
74 |
51 |
73 |
99 |
28 |
91 |
81 |
91 |
80 |
117 |
72 |
172 |
172 |
28 |
84 |
80 |
88 |
85 |
72 |
Character |
|
t |
i |
m |
e |
? |
|
H |
o |
w |
|
d |
o |
e |
s |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
l |
e |
v |
e |
l |
Milliseconds |
65 |
146 |
261 |
32 |
91 |
141 |
131 |
191 |
98 |
71 |
72 |
112 |
77 |
54 |
141 |
58 |
106 |
77 |
75 |
66 |
104 |
55 |
80 |
88 |
53 |
Character |
|
o |
f |
|
w |
a |
t |
e |
r |
|
i |
n |
|
a |
|
b |
a |
r |
r |
e |
l |
|
c |
h |
a |
Milliseconds |
92 |
123 |
64 |
53 |
75 |
88 |
84 |
88 |
88 |
84 |
91 |
66 |
53 |
74 |
93 |
108 |
104 |
80 |
113 |
126 |
104 |
108 |
173 |
91 |
70 |
Character |
n |
g |
e |
|
a |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
n |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
Milliseconds |
110 |
33 |
67 |
77 |
95 |
69 |
103 |
65 |
111 |
69 |
111 |
68 |
64 |
161 |
21 |
98 |
84 |
89 |
88 |
72 |
68 |
93 |
75 |
44 |
92 |
Character |
a |
m |
o |
u |
n |
f |
-f |
t |
|
o |
f |
|
l |
i |
q |
u |
i |
d |
|
[ |
-[ |
p |
o |
u |
r |
Milliseconds |
73 |
64 |
91 |
93 |
163 |
152 |
225 |
96 |
107 |
80 |
85 |
69 |
110 |
117 |
91 |
101 |
140 |
100 |
88 |
364 |
338 |
218 |
240 |
151 |
253 |
Character |
e |
d |
|
i |
n |
t |
o |
|
i |
t |
? |
|
W |
e |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
Milliseconds |
296 |
136 |
85 |
188 |
66 |
84 |
82 |
76 |
111 |
65 |
140 |
123 |
129 |
175 |
116 |
69 |
80 |
108 |
91 |
148 |
69 |
71 |
109 |
42 |
65 |
Character |
|
o |
c |
c |
u |
r |
i |
n |
-n |
-i |
r |
i |
n |
g |
|
i |
n |
|
n |
e |
a |
r |
l |
y |
|
Milliseconds |
73 |
132 |
56 |
139 |
100 |
89 |
80 |
88 |
255 |
136 |
147 |
105 |
61 |
80 |
85 |
83 |
48 |
79 |
205 |
80 |
101 |
78 |
113 |
112 |
120 |
Character |
e |
v |
e |
r |
y |
t |
h |
i |
n |
|
- |
g |
|
w |
e |
|
o |
b |
s |
e |
r |
v |
e |
|
i |
Milliseconds |
88 |
133 |
102 |
96 |
142 |
184 |
35 |
85 |
84 |
104 |
403 |
214 |
82 |
89 |
67 |
125 |
183 |
21 |
376 |
164 |
61 |
171 |
73 |
300 |
136 |
Character |
n |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
w |
o |
r |
l |
d |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
u |
n |
i |
v |
e |
r |
s |
e |
, |
Milliseconds |
75 |
78 |
91 |
88 |
64 |
75 |
65 |
76 |
121 |
102 |
89 |
135 |
128 |
93 |
84 |
64 |
132 |
63 |
145 |
46 |
118 |
69 |
112 |
50 |
119 |
Character |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
p |
o |
w |
e |
r |
f |
u |
l |
|
m |
o |
d |
e |
r |
n |
|
i |
n |
s |
t |
Milliseconds |
115 |
84 |
91 |
84 |
76 |
465 |
180 |
60 |
57 |
138 |
201 |
57 |
159 |
98 |
60 |
94 |
96 |
120 |
71 |
97 |
119 |
97 |
64 |
71 |
77 |
Character |
u |
r |
-r |
-u |
r |
u |
m |
e |
n |
t |
s |
|
h |
e |
l |
p |
|
u |
s |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
m |
Milliseconds |
132 |
92 |
248 |
136 |
115 |
118 |
100 |
147 |
77 |
75 |
73 |
98 |
97 |
93 |
55 |
46 |
150 |
137 |
100 |
53 |
102 |
112 |
125 |
76 |
59 |
Character |
o |
r |
e |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
m |
o |
r |
e |
. |
|
I |
n |
|
t |
h |
i |
s |
|
s |
e |
c |
Milliseconds |
40 |
46 |
62 |
89 |
92 |
163 |
0 |
82 |
43 |
59 |
36 |
69 |
128 |
96 |
143 |
189 |
89 |
108 |
67 |
71 |
46 |
95 |
124 |
151 |
133 |
Character |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
w |
e |
|
i |
n |
t |
r |
o |
d |
u |
c |
e |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
i |
d |
e |
Milliseconds |
177 |
79 |
84 |
77 |
99 |
69 |
60 |
116 |
108 |
76 |
60 |
131 |
108 |
160 |
210 |
158 |
113 |
115 |
100 |
61 |
70 |
103 |
366 |
72 |
89 |
Character |
a |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
e |
-e |
a |
v |
e |
r |
a |
g |
e |
|
i |
-i |
a |
n |
d |
|
i |
n |
s |
Milliseconds |
111 |
84 |
105 |
85 |
85 |
70 |
116 |
255 |
110 |
84 |
79 |
106 |
132 |
75 |
124 |
107 |
141 |
246 |
106 |
111 |
54 |
110 |
161 |
80 |
73 |
Character |
t |
a |
n |
t |
e |
a |
-a |
-e |
a |
n |
e |
o |
o |
u |
-u |
-o |
u |
s |
|
r |
a |
t |
e |
d |
|
Milliseconds |
74 |
73 |
109 |
107 |
112 |
212 |
176 |
129 |
116 |
79 |
97 |
320 |
263 |
124 |
245 |
116 |
176 |
96 |
53 |
118 |
109 |
113 |
75 |
127 |
212 |
Character |
- |
-d |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
, |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
s |
h |
o |
w |
|
t |
Milliseconds |
220 |
129 |
117 |
80 |
87 |
81 |
76 |
120 |
80 |
99 |
93 |
87 |
72 |
108 |
93 |
65 |
143 |
251 |
200 |
285 |
40 |
101 |
60 |
99 |
89 |
Character |
h |
a |
t |
|
t |
h |
e |
y |
|
a |
r |
e |
|
c |
l |
o |
s |
e |
l |
y |
|
r |
e |
l |
a |
Milliseconds |
56 |
48 |
69 |
83 |
120 |
87 |
69 |
79 |
85 |
68 |
72 |
84 |
84 |
100 |
71 |
142 |
58 |
29 |
127 |
116 |
104 |
125 |
64 |
124 |
69 |
Character |
t |
e |
d |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
s |
l |
o |
p |
e |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
c |
u |
r |
Milliseconds |
89 |
86 |
116 |
97 |
112 |
78 |
74 |
88 |
68 |
49 |
195 |
116 |
108 |
167 |
88 |
100 |
96 |
54 |
103 |
96 |
67 |
105 |
108 |
132 |
53 |
Character |
v |
e |
|
a |
t |
|
a |
p |
o |
i |
-i |
-o |
-p |
|
p |
o |
i |
n |
t |
|
P |
|
o |
n |
|
Milliseconds |
318 |
132 |
101 |
101 |
94 |
125 |
11 |
209 |
143 |
180 |
214 |
149 |
146 |
111 |
90 |
174 |
188 |
89 |
83 |
104 |
113 |
111 |
112 |
82 |
97 |
Character |
t |
h |
e |
|
c |
u |
r |
v |
e |
. |
|
W |
e |
|
g |
i |
v |
e |
|
p |
r |
e |
c |
i |
s |
Milliseconds |
95 |
52 |
75 |
84 |
80 |
99 |
78 |
159 |
77 |
143 |
125 |
139 |
144 |
123 |
127 |
99 |
75 |
56 |
89 |
143 |
73 |
67 |
137 |
93 |
119 |
Character |
e |
|
d |
e |
v |
e |
l |
o |
p |
m |
e |
n |
t |
s |
|
o |
t |
-t |
f |
|
t |
h |
e |
s |
e |
Milliseconds |
91 |
221 |
256 |
132 |
117 |
102 |
47 |
205 |
68 |
132 |
80 |
129 |
31 |
109 |
87 |
84 |
193 |
259 |
96 |
68 |
94 |
79 |
34 |
236 |
47 |
Character |
|
i |
m |
p |
o |
r |
t |
a |
n |
t |
|
c |
o |
n |
c |
e |
p |
t |
s |
|
i |
n |
|
t |
h |
Milliseconds |
191 |
172 |
68 |
138 |
151 |
59 |
141 |
91 |
37 |
85 |
90 |
118 |
79 |
55 |
81 |
96 |
104 |
96 |
105 |
66 |
81 |
53 |
83 |
87 |
72 |
Character |
e |
|
n |
e |
x |
t |
|
c |
h |
a |
p |
t |
y |
e |
, |
-, |
-e |
-y |
e |
r |
. |
|
b |
i |
u |
Milliseconds |
61 |
88 |
92 |
67 |
126 |
175 |
99 |
137 |
108 |
80 |
105 |
95 |
0 |
76 |
193 |
211 |
144 |
130 |
107 |
44 |
84 |
91 |
114 |
92 |
0 |
Character |
t |
-t |
-u |
-i |
-b |
- |
-. |
. |
|
b |
i |
u |
-u |
-i |
-b |
- |
-. |
l |
-l |
, |
|
v |
b |
u |
-u |
Milliseconds |
87 |
155 |
145 |
151 |
149 |
139 |
241 |
191 |
145 |
112 |
81 |
0 |
191 |
137 |
156 |
147 |
425 |
192 |
340 |
164 |
163 |
169 |
0 |
52 |
252 |
Character |
-b |
-v |
b |
u |
t |
|
f |
o |
r |
|
n |
o |
w |
|
w |
e |
|
u |
s |
e |
|
a |
n |
|
i |
Milliseconds |
143 |
143 |
117 |
95 |
74 |
96 |
116 |
53 |
91 |
88 |
27 |
80 |
58 |
99 |
95 |
65 |
115 |
163 |
70 |
60 |
91 |
97 |
75 |
84 |
90 |
Character |
n |
f |
o |
r |
m |
a |
l |
|
p |
p |
r |
-r |
-p |
-p |
a |
p |
p |
r |
o |
a |
c |
h |
|
s |
o |
Milliseconds |
63 |
52 |
104 |
77 |
84 |
72 |
84 |
68 |
139 |
137 |
124 |
216 |
132 |
151 |
84 |
111 |
145 |
112 |
80 |
109 |
131 |
50 |
179 |
92 |
63 |
Character |
|
y |
o |
u |
|
w |
i |
l |
l |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
h |
o |
w |
|
t |
h |
e |
y |
|
l |
e |
Milliseconds |
94 |
115 |
75 |
73 |
71 |
93 |
20 |
165 |
138 |
33 |
68 |
64 |
116 |
113 |
120 |
119 |
60 |
67 |
96 |
77 |
53 |
75 |
80 |
120 |
53 |
Character |
a |
d |
|
n |
a |
t |
u |
a |
r |
-r |
-a |
r |
a |
l |
l |
y |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
m |
Milliseconds |
122 |
50 |
111 |
227 |
92 |
229 |
159 |
109 |
87 |
222 |
139 |
79 |
65 |
67 |
141 |
53 |
111 |
153 |
25 |
114 |
72 |
52 |
76 |
97 |
111 |
Character |
a |
i |
n |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
i |
s |
|
c |
h |
a |
p |
t |
e |
r |
, |
Milliseconds |
80 |
69 |
67 |
65 |
104 |
64 |
92 |
115 |
72 |
120 |
80 |
101 |
103 |
53 |
52 |
68 |
49 |
142 |
112 |
85 |
108 |
113 |
94 |
72 |
105 |
Character |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
l |
i |
m |
i |
t |
. |
|
T |
H |
e |
|
i |
-H |
-e |
- |
-i |
h |
e |
|
i |
Milliseconds |
92 |
124 |
68 |
101 |
52 |
79 |
152 |
96 |
75 |
92 |
164 |
89 |
184 |
58 |
111 |
94 |
93 |
637 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
111 |
81 |
119 |
88 |
Character |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
l |
i |
m |
i |
t |
|
p |
l |
a |
y |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
o |
Milliseconds |
93 |
91 |
120 |
42 |
118 |
76 |
72 |
77 |
693 |
186 |
170 |
68 |
111 |
116 |
89 |
52 |
63 |
46 |
70 |
121 |
91 |
93 |
103 |
7 |
174 |
Character |
u |
n |
d |
a |
t |
i |
o |
n |
a |
l |
|
r |
o |
l |
e |
|
t |
h |
o |
r |
u |
g |
-g |
-u |
-r |
Milliseconds |
75 |
177 |
103 |
50 |
127 |
55 |
92 |
74 |
107 |
85 |
120 |
112 |
84 |
147 |
77 |
88 |
92 |
41 |
146 |
17 |
100 |
168 |
199 |
149 |
143 |
Character |
-o |
r |
o |
u |
g |
h |
o |
u |
t |
|
c |
a |
l |
c |
u |
l |
u |
s |
. |
Milliseconds |
141 |
119 |
84 |
73 |
79 |
113 |
143 |
102 |
76 |
103 |
147 |
101 |
11 |
246 |
111 |
529 |
191 |
96 |
72 |
|
WPM Timing |
Seconds |
WPM |
2.17 |
71.79 |
4.35 |
91.11 |
6.52 |
101.24 |
8.69 |
93.87 |
10.87 |
89.46 |
13.04 |
92.95 |
15.21 |
97.82 |
17.39 |
98.02 |
19.56 |
90.19 |
21.73 |
92.22 |
23.9 |
94.88 |
26.08 |
98.48 |
28.25 |
101.52 |
30.42 |
102.16 |
32.6 |
98.29 |
34.77 |
99.05 |
36.94 |
99.07 |
39.12 |
98.48 |
41.29 |
97.65 |
43.46 |
99.4 |
45.64 |
99.13 |
47.81 |
98.89 |
49.98 |
100.84 |
52.16 |
101.7 |
54.33 |
101.38 |
56.5 |
100.67 |
58.67 |
99.19 |
60.85 |
97.62 |
63.02 |
97.87 |
65.19 |
99.21 |
67.37 |
99.93 |
69.54 |
98.71 |
71.71 |
99.06 |
73.89 |
99.23 |
76.06 |
98.92 |
78.23 |
99.4 |
80.41 |
99.84 |
82.58 |
97.51 |
84.75 |
95.01 |
86.93 |
94.84 |
89.1 |
94.82 |
91.27 |
95.32 |
93.44 |
95.8 |
95.62 |
96.01 |
97.79 |
96.82 |
99.96 |
96.03 |
102.14 |
95.87 |
104.31 |
96.52 |
106.48 |
95.9 |
108.66 |
95.42 |
|