icy (freezing_icy)

Race #1047

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Official speed 82.39 wpm (125.84 seconds elapsed during race)
Without ending ping 82.57 wpm (276 ms delay sending score to TypeRacer’s server)
Timerless 82.93 wpm (551 ms elapsed before first character typed; 125.01 seconds elapsed during race)
Timerless minus one 82.84 wpm, ignoring the first character typed
Race Start October 13, 2023 4:28:48pm UTC
Race Finish October 13, 2023 4:30:54pm UTC
Outcome No win (3 of 5)
Opponents 1. montedeu (105.36 wpm)
2. beatnikjerry (104.34 wpm)
4. ngnguyen1 (73.50 wpm)
Accuracy 97.1%
Points 222.46
Text #4940058 (Length: 864 characters)

Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? How does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poured into it? We see change occurring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instantaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give precise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The idea of a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus.
Characters typed Calculius is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is reallated to a change in another. How sdoes the speed of a fallign ong iobkeject change as a functionn of time? hHow does the level of wwataater in a balrrrel change as a function of the amount of liquid oi=poured into it? We see change occuring ring in nreearly everything we obsefrver i in the world and universe, and powerdfful modern instruments help uss seee more and more. In this secition we introduce the ideas ofa average and instantaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely related to the slpope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give prcecise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, htthe ilimit. The idea fof a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus.
Timing
Character C a l c u l i -i u s i s a t o o l t h a t
Milliseconds 551 278 106 205 97 194 88 366 203 116 69 102 108 95 104 97 144 89 158 197 134 157 110 43 72
Character h e l p s u s u n d e r s t a n d h o w
Milliseconds 141 91 102 92 169 40 127 67 106 61 84 162 81 163 81 125 138 94 90 94 75 128 38 74 123
Character a c h a n g e i n o n e q u a n t i t y
Milliseconds 38 142 117 70 113 72 117 185 39 104 89 116 61 97 54 114 139 104 111 124 257 118 108 108 184
Character i s r e a l -l -a l a t e d t o a c h a n g
Milliseconds 100 32 140 79 97 107 88 345 122 188 38 93 147 142 103 141 40 156 47 134 130 65 213 0 214
Character e i n a n o t h e r . H o w s -s d o e s
Milliseconds 184 93 191 131 122 0 109 98 99 54 104 108 181 119 128 121 94 389 164 283 93 136 62 53 115
Character t h e s p e e d o f a f a l l i g n o -o
Milliseconds 107 51 104 74 138 42 157 110 171 47 152 38 151 21 156 84 142 374 134 101 138 25 175 13 319
Character - -n -g n g i -i o b k e -e -k j e c t c h a n g e
Milliseconds 133 128 127 255 94 92 87 320 226 134 173 88 219 128 184 38 165 185 105 121 86 117 102 76 147
Character a s a f u n c t i o n n -n o f t i m e ?
Milliseconds 130 162 85 173 33 156 355 88 160 212 238 51 132 64 139 378 127 138 55 134 113 63 110 159 337
Character h -h H o w d o e s t h e l e v e l o f
Milliseconds 304 386 322 221 272 106 96 137 95 106 115 136 71 125 39 75 66 80 159 334 95 117 110 218 204
Character w w a t -t -a a -a -w a t e r i n a b a l r -r -l
Milliseconds 32 376 29 200 204 131 144 157 134 106 77 128 132 134 68 145 107 90 102 130 155 283 36 265 91
Character r r e l c h a n g e a s a f u n c t i o n
Milliseconds 90 152 122 129 96 146 75 166 56 108 147 110 90 123 134 23 169 102 111 140 67 255 46 88 109
Character o f t h e a m o u n t o f l i q u i d
Milliseconds 190 201 40 120 155 48 83 84 168 41 91 126 157 44 118 98 143 94 94 82 243 183 176 53 129
Character o i = -= -i -o p o u r e d i n t o i t ? W e
Milliseconds 303 46 287 397 125 146 206 85 230 182 308 151 59 84 88 104 77 283 171 90 237 306 311 263 101
Character s e e c h a n g e o c c u r i n g - -g -n -i r
Milliseconds 88 126 132 116 136 95 151 143 40 164 40 202 71 162 92 171 58 117 68 71 301 134 124 107 212
Character i n g i n n r e -e -r e a r l y e v e r y t h
Milliseconds 102 166 65 84 111 82 120 93 89 131 203 116 141 21 403 83 190 120 106 175 216 67 50 201 56
Character i n g w e o b s e f -f r v e r i -i - -r i n
Milliseconds 68 124 64 150 136 142 106 75 89 171 288 217 266 73 226 179 87 45 78 342 127 316 192 89 178
Character t h e w o r l d a n d u n i v e r s e ,
Milliseconds 211 148 98 109 96 124 104 96 88 116 86 81 107 102 32 159 118 118 71 183 97 112 135 84 96
Character a n d p o w e r d f -f -d f u l m o d e r n i
Milliseconds 121 191 169 46 148 47 226 94 125 233 50 290 114 178 124 142 118 133 88 137 138 116 110 71 106
Character n s t r u m e n t s h e l p u s s - -s s e
Milliseconds 79 97 100 156 126 171 70 119 8 304 180 172 146 133 187 55 169 37 170 489 245 142 240 68 123
Character e e - -e m o r e a n d m o r e . I n t
Milliseconds 124 140 18 319 132 148 185 23 144 52 133 122 66 126 37 84 53 95 57 215 171 134 139 131 62
Character h i s s e c i -i t i o n w e i n t r o d u c
Milliseconds 71 46 103 85 138 106 206 231 391 101 107 124 124 143 74 71 125 118 45 149 210 120 105 223 102
Character e t h e i d e a s o f a - -a a v e r a g
Milliseconds 208 74 184 0 283 179 100 149 126 120 177 85 145 143 125 23 379 121 459 84 397 197 90 166 125
Character e a n d i n s t a n t a n e o u s r a t e s
Milliseconds 196 118 143 107 100 91 96 81 65 105 149 102 141 398 205 108 274 77 121 134 82 109 144 129 119
Character o f c h a n g e , a n d s h o w t h a t
Milliseconds 124 237 292 139 126 133 33 167 52 129 69 143 46 84 90 105 125 51 111 90 173 94 104 38 66
Character t h e y a r e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d
Milliseconds 87 134 27 74 85 143 22 135 65 111 110 93 180 43 138 52 160 110 83 115 95 198 51 190 169
Character t o t h e s l p -p o p e o f a c u r v
Milliseconds 97 162 63 90 168 0 75 404 107 87 199 299 331 178 92 92 106 102 79 95 86 102 95 115 488
Character e a t a p o i n t P o n t h e c u r
Milliseconds 211 137 137 152 91 137 85 127 45 202 162 68 112 211 169 97 144 104 87 75 90 48 200 52 175
Character v e . W e g i v e p r c -c e c i s e d e v
Milliseconds 221 206 129 122 413 223 236 156 107 107 228 90 101 105 253 307 75 536 210 102 171 116 117 108 163
Character e l o p m e n t s o f t h e s e i m p o r t
Milliseconds 200 75 153 175 65 146 106 18 270 139 141 135 37 201 46 94 127 58 100 154 117 120 41 67 174
Character a n t c o n c e p t s i n t h e n e x t
Milliseconds 139 78 125 162 252 49 74 320 207 81 129 151 78 132 86 124 111 50 142 31 130 43 198 175 92
Character c h a p t e r , b u t f o r n o w w e u
Milliseconds 126 97 132 104 105 100 307 113 143 161 87 93 87 113 77 45 135 90 36 146 59 167 146 133 173
Character s e a n i n f o r m a l a p p r o a c h s
Milliseconds 47 211 155 98 103 95 181 165 97 171 42 144 98 135 101 83 148 151 124 82 196 226 65 136 76
Character o y o u w i l l s e e h o w t h e y l
Milliseconds 109 44 152 121 37 132 36 88 161 134 69 84 168 115 106 124 46 92 83 374 75 84 82 76 122
Character e a d n a t u r a l l y t o t h e m a i n
Milliseconds 93 52 158 75 121 35 110 68 137 111 59 145 150 109 99 87 236 207 104 72 128 153 41 137 64
Character i d e a o f t h i s c h a p t e r , h t
Milliseconds 129 65 100 142 106 122 114 87 96 159 37 67 173 98 161 55 163 43 120 120 119 111 83 234 22
Character -t -h t h e i -i l i m i t . T h e i d e a f
Milliseconds 364 106 120 91 100 76 96 328 225 42 189 145 93 109 177 99 161 118 89 145 0 178 101 154 179
Character -f o f a l i m i t p l a y s a f o u n d
Milliseconds 315 205 90 109 82 110 44 100 160 156 94 78 114 71 124 95 232 63 179 71 187 68 49 169 31
Character a t i o n a l r o l e t h r o u g h o u t c
Milliseconds 190 72 133 52 126 139 93 121 122 64 152 94 133 124 75 129 509 48 158 78 145 80 130 139 133
Character a l c u l u s .
Milliseconds 152 52 185 13 233 94 142 216
WPM Timing
Seconds WPM
2.52 52.45
5.03 81.05
7.55 93.77
10.07 92.97
12.58 91.54
15.1 89.8
17.62 91.95
20.13 84.63
22.65 83.7
25.17 82.49
27.68 78.89
30.2 79.47
32.72 77.75
35.24 78.33
37.75 80.1
40.27 78.08
42.79 77.69
45.3 77.88
47.82 76.79
50.34 76.76
52.85 75.61
55.37 75.85
57.89 76.7
60.4 76.68
62.92 76.29
65.44 75.92
67.95 76.11
70.47 76.8
72.99 75.96
75.5 76.29
78.02 76.13
80.54 77.63
83.05 78.6
85.57 78.39
88.09 78.47
90.61 78.8
93.12 78.09
95.64 78.17
98.16 78.85
100.67 79.27
103.19 79.89
105.71 80.26
108.22 80.83
110.74 81.6
113.26 82.22
115.77 81.99
118.29 81.87
120.81 82.05
123.32 82.42
125.84 82.39