Official speed |
84.86 wpm (122.18 seconds elapsed during race) |
Without ending ping |
85.17 wpm (446 ms delay sending score to TypeRacer’s server) |
Timerless |
85.41 wpm (336 ms elapsed before first character typed; 121.40 seconds elapsed during race) |
Timerless minus one |
85.31 wpm, ignoring the first character typed |
Race Start |
December 30, 2023 9:47:34pm UTC |
Race Finish |
December 30, 2023 9:49:36pm UTC |
Outcome |
No win (3 of 5) |
Opponents |
2. jgb000 (89.05 wpm)
|
Accuracy |
97.0% |
Points |
229.11 |
Text |
#4940058 (Length: 864 characters) Calculus is a tool that helps us understand how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time? How does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid poured into it? We see change occurring in nearly everything we observe in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us see more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instantaneous rates of change, and show that they are closely related to the slope of a curve at a point P on the curve. We give precise developments of these important concepts in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal approach so you will see how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the limit. The idea of a limit plays a foundational role throughout calculus. |
Characters typed |
Calculus is a tollool that helps us understadnd hiwow c aha ahcnchange in one quanitytity is related to a change in another. How does the speed of a falling object change as a function of time> ? HOw ow does the level of water in a barrel change as a function of the amount of liquid pioured ni tinto it? We see change occurring in enanearly everything we obsevrve in the world and universe, and powerful modern instruments help us wssee more and more. In this section we introduce the ideas of average and instantaneous rates of change, and hsshow that they are closely related to the slope of a curve att a point P on thec curve. We give precise developemments of these important concept in s in the next chapter, but for now we use an informal sapporroach so uoyou will se ee how they lead naturally to the main idea of this chapter, the ilimit. The idea of a limit plays a foundational erolrole throught out hout calcllulus. |
Timing |
Character |
C |
a |
l |
c |
u |
l |
u |
s |
|
i |
s |
|
a |
|
t |
o |
l |
l |
-l |
-l |
-o |
o |
o |
l |
|
Milliseconds |
336 |
372 |
137 |
146 |
119 |
150 |
185 |
75 |
77 |
130 |
75 |
81 |
116 |
51 |
183 |
52 |
155 |
132 |
250 |
140 |
109 |
429 |
122 |
96 |
128 |
Character |
t |
h |
a |
t |
|
h |
e |
l |
p |
s |
|
u |
s |
|
u |
n |
d |
e |
r |
s |
t |
a |
d |
-d |
n |
Milliseconds |
85 |
81 |
112 |
70 |
51 |
139 |
143 |
65 |
83 |
111 |
77 |
100 |
93 |
62 |
152 |
57 |
73 |
107 |
126 |
172 |
95 |
127 |
229 |
412 |
179 |
Character |
d |
|
h |
i |
w |
-w |
-i |
o |
w |
|
c |
|
a |
h |
-h |
-a |
- |
-c |
a |
|
a |
h |
c |
n |
-n |
Milliseconds |
67 |
121 |
123 |
104 |
67 |
304 |
127 |
221 |
252 |
106 |
108 |
73 |
91 |
85 |
255 |
127 |
124 |
127 |
126 |
105 |
108 |
91 |
89 |
103 |
237 |
Character |
-c |
-h |
-a |
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
o |
n |
e |
|
q |
u |
a |
n |
i |
t |
y |
-y |
Milliseconds |
121 |
136 |
309 |
124 |
109 |
107 |
68 |
124 |
68 |
74 |
101 |
63 |
64 |
208 |
96 |
91 |
70 |
137 |
97 |
101 |
63 |
99 |
98 |
135 |
242 |
Character |
-t |
-i |
t |
i |
t |
y |
|
i |
s |
|
r |
e |
l |
a |
t |
e |
d |
|
t |
o |
|
a |
|
c |
h |
Milliseconds |
128 |
114 |
153 |
58 |
121 |
47 |
82 |
119 |
56 |
80 |
111 |
143 |
52 |
139 |
70 |
76 |
100 |
65 |
151 |
11 |
100 |
101 |
63 |
107 |
64 |
Character |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
a |
n |
o |
t |
h |
e |
r |
. |
|
H |
o |
w |
|
d |
o |
e |
s |
Milliseconds |
117 |
62 |
138 |
68 |
64 |
105 |
53 |
55 |
115 |
60 |
120 |
69 |
68 |
113 |
150 |
47 |
56 |
204 |
112 |
71 |
59 |
118 |
45 |
91 |
151 |
Character |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
s |
p |
e |
e |
d |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
f |
a |
l |
l |
i |
n |
g |
|
o |
Milliseconds |
80 |
109 |
60 |
115 |
60 |
108 |
78 |
92 |
137 |
151 |
42 |
101 |
121 |
64 |
560 |
111 |
111 |
154 |
48 |
123 |
146 |
88 |
105 |
66 |
135 |
Character |
b |
j |
e |
c |
t |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
a |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
n |
c |
t |
i |
o |
Milliseconds |
298 |
129 |
59 |
183 |
53 |
40 |
203 |
58 |
125 |
80 |
131 |
63 |
105 |
87 |
164 |
119 |
43 |
107 |
179 |
29 |
44 |
94 |
175 |
27 |
58 |
Character |
n |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
i |
m |
e |
> |
|
- |
-> |
? |
|
H |
O |
w |
|
- |
-w |
-O |
o |
w |
|
Milliseconds |
170 |
187 |
141 |
90 |
93 |
72 |
106 |
59 |
20 |
278 |
156 |
279 |
116 |
253 |
128 |
186 |
157 |
136 |
55 |
290 |
119 |
153 |
201 |
139 |
69 |
Character |
d |
o |
e |
s |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
l |
e |
v |
e |
l |
|
o |
f |
|
w |
a |
t |
e |
r |
|
i |
Milliseconds |
129 |
50 |
97 |
147 |
92 |
123 |
49 |
121 |
49 |
128 |
75 |
134 |
123 |
59 |
92 |
129 |
57 |
62 |
137 |
150 |
67 |
125 |
134 |
111 |
21 |
Character |
n |
|
a |
|
b |
a |
r |
r |
e |
l |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
a |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
u |
Milliseconds |
431 |
162 |
115 |
83 |
237 |
104 |
209 |
120 |
189 |
195 |
101 |
140 |
42 |
151 |
68 |
135 |
38 |
103 |
90 |
137 |
61 |
117 |
121 |
314 |
50 |
Character |
n |
c |
t |
i |
o |
n |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
a |
m |
o |
u |
n |
t |
|
o |
f |
|
l |
Milliseconds |
58 |
73 |
243 |
39 |
98 |
146 |
127 |
117 |
102 |
47 |
142 |
43 |
118 |
48 |
147 |
41 |
125 |
194 |
83 |
66 |
59 |
168 |
54 |
111 |
137 |
Character |
i |
q |
u |
i |
d |
|
p |
i |
-i |
o |
u |
r |
e |
d |
|
n |
i |
|
t |
-t |
- |
-i |
-n |
i |
n |
Milliseconds |
159 |
71 |
92 |
107 |
107 |
53 |
150 |
104 |
321 |
143 |
198 |
87 |
172 |
114 |
70 |
110 |
17 |
102 |
76 |
250 |
99 |
127 |
130 |
266 |
82 |
Character |
t |
o |
|
i |
t |
? |
|
W |
e |
|
s |
e |
e |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
|
o |
c |
c |
u |
Milliseconds |
87 |
74 |
97 |
164 |
59 |
282 |
131 |
201 |
289 |
34 |
177 |
164 |
146 |
77 |
118 |
65 |
105 |
61 |
129 |
34 |
141 |
91 |
107 |
174 |
84 |
Character |
r |
r |
i |
n |
g |
|
i |
n |
|
e |
n |
a |
-a |
-n |
-e |
n |
e |
a |
r |
l |
y |
|
e |
v |
e |
Milliseconds |
84 |
294 |
169 |
67 |
77 |
89 |
350 |
87 |
127 |
122 |
27 |
327 |
157 |
124 |
112 |
166 |
27 |
167 |
175 |
146 |
103 |
70 |
399 |
90 |
65 |
Character |
r |
y |
t |
h |
i |
n |
g |
|
w |
e |
|
o |
b |
s |
e |
v |
-v |
r |
v |
e |
|
i |
n |
|
t |
Milliseconds |
158 |
40 |
152 |
61 |
92 |
49 |
85 |
65 |
157 |
147 |
52 |
110 |
88 |
77 |
157 |
257 |
270 |
113 |
84 |
100 |
163 |
146 |
47 |
52 |
84 |
Character |
h |
e |
|
w |
o |
r |
l |
d |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
u |
n |
i |
v |
e |
r |
s |
e |
, |
|
a |
n |
Milliseconds |
105 |
59 |
112 |
332 |
78 |
112 |
73 |
91 |
85 |
148 |
47 |
135 |
56 |
127 |
58 |
110 |
48 |
138 |
116 |
174 |
135 |
38 |
75 |
119 |
44 |
Character |
d |
|
p |
o |
w |
e |
r |
f |
u |
l |
|
m |
o |
d |
e |
r |
n |
|
i |
n |
s |
t |
r |
u |
m |
Milliseconds |
135 |
44 |
134 |
33 |
34 |
162 |
148 |
141 |
58 |
147 |
114 |
93 |
91 |
37 |
117 |
166 |
70 |
63 |
132 |
69 |
208 |
222 |
144 |
48 |
164 |
Character |
e |
n |
t |
s |
|
h |
e |
l |
p |
|
u |
s |
|
w |
s |
-s |
-w |
s |
e |
e |
|
m |
o |
r |
e |
Milliseconds |
107 |
65 |
122 |
183 |
74 |
131 |
136 |
40 |
144 |
129 |
251 |
87 |
177 |
143 |
94 |
214 |
132 |
106 |
257 |
151 |
29 |
141 |
92 |
26 |
216 |
Character |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
m |
o |
r |
e |
. |
|
I |
n |
|
t |
h |
i |
s |
|
s |
e |
c |
t |
i |
o |
Milliseconds |
89 |
107 |
55 |
127 |
73 |
117 |
80 |
47 |
153 |
101 |
67 |
206 |
162 |
122 |
190 |
124 |
38 |
65 |
109 |
126 |
153 |
151 |
193 |
32 |
60 |
Character |
n |
|
w |
e |
|
i |
n |
t |
r |
o |
d |
u |
c |
e |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
s |
|
Milliseconds |
147 |
74 |
90 |
143 |
71 |
123 |
47 |
75 |
132 |
65 |
159 |
47 |
164 |
118 |
49 |
154 |
53 |
116 |
37 |
101 |
58 |
127 |
159 |
163 |
88 |
Character |
o |
f |
|
a |
v |
e |
r |
a |
g |
e |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
i |
n |
s |
t |
a |
n |
t |
a |
n |
e |
Milliseconds |
99 |
117 |
107 |
203 |
111 |
68 |
151 |
164 |
83 |
83 |
81 |
102 |
85 |
51 |
138 |
99 |
60 |
85 |
387 |
170 |
60 |
205 |
277 |
207 |
171 |
Character |
o |
u |
s |
|
r |
a |
t |
e |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
c |
h |
a |
n |
g |
e |
, |
|
a |
n |
d |
|
Milliseconds |
246 |
103 |
149 |
110 |
265 |
207 |
51 |
93 |
147 |
27 |
118 |
201 |
369 |
80 |
130 |
286 |
88 |
171 |
162 |
55 |
68 |
140 |
35 |
123 |
49 |
Character |
h |
s |
-s |
-h |
s |
h |
o |
w |
|
t |
h |
a |
t |
|
t |
h |
e |
y |
|
a |
r |
e |
|
c |
l |
Milliseconds |
145 |
97 |
198 |
101 |
95 |
74 |
115 |
49 |
78 |
132 |
52 |
135 |
58 |
69 |
107 |
65 |
128 |
55 |
74 |
68 |
166 |
130 |
84 |
92 |
69 |
Character |
o |
s |
e |
l |
y |
|
r |
e |
l |
a |
t |
e |
d |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
s |
l |
o |
p |
Milliseconds |
114 |
67 |
143 |
65 |
715 |
67 |
181 |
161 |
68 |
146 |
125 |
173 |
152 |
78 |
120 |
37 |
78 |
104 |
65 |
103 |
64 |
126 |
55 |
192 |
70 |
Character |
e |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
c |
u |
r |
v |
e |
|
a |
t |
-t |
t |
|
a |
|
p |
o |
i |
n |
t |
Milliseconds |
70 |
193 |
233 |
114 |
44 |
154 |
32 |
146 |
73 |
86 |
105 |
114 |
101 |
127 |
248 |
174 |
340 |
148 |
110 |
65 |
228 |
184 |
202 |
52 |
51 |
Character |
|
P |
|
o |
n |
|
t |
h |
e |
c |
|
- |
-c |
|
c |
u |
r |
v |
e |
. |
|
W |
e |
|
g |
Milliseconds |
352 |
246 |
126 |
301 |
474 |
307 |
117 |
102 |
72 |
157 |
85 |
465 |
112 |
136 |
148 |
110 |
57 |
144 |
150 |
47 |
62 |
280 |
164 |
102 |
117 |
Character |
i |
v |
e |
|
p |
r |
e |
c |
i |
s |
e |
|
d |
e |
v |
e |
l |
o |
p |
e |
m |
-m |
-e |
m |
e |
Milliseconds |
65 |
125 |
117 |
68 |
124 |
69 |
142 |
168 |
51 |
142 |
160 |
84 |
149 |
123 |
356 |
167 |
262 |
149 |
103 |
153 |
65 |
244 |
104 |
148 |
61 |
Character |
n |
t |
s |
|
o |
f |
|
t |
h |
e |
s |
e |
|
i |
m |
p |
o |
r |
t |
a |
n |
t |
|
c |
o |
Milliseconds |
100 |
70 |
181 |
59 |
110 |
93 |
45 |
130 |
80 |
84 |
165 |
147 |
70 |
135 |
60 |
170 |
44 |
43 |
150 |
200 |
106 |
85 |
95 |
151 |
16 |
Character |
n |
c |
e |
p |
t |
|
i |
n |
|
- |
-n |
-i |
- |
s |
|
i |
n |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
n |
e |
x |
Milliseconds |
96 |
119 |
107 |
106 |
87 |
98 |
151 |
39 |
70 |
219 |
116 |
134 |
139 |
114 |
105 |
115 |
43 |
107 |
18 |
505 |
84 |
85 |
169 |
100 |
153 |
Character |
t |
|
c |
h |
a |
p |
t |
e |
r |
, |
|
b |
u |
t |
|
f |
o |
r |
|
n |
o |
w |
|
w |
e |
Milliseconds |
53 |
36 |
153 |
82 |
139 |
64 |
193 |
213 |
107 |
51 |
64 |
165 |
105 |
59 |
84 |
133 |
63 |
96 |
64 |
96 |
92 |
72 |
127 |
166 |
127 |
Character |
|
u |
s |
e |
|
a |
n |
|
i |
n |
f |
o |
r |
m |
a |
l |
|
s |
-s |
a |
p |
p |
o |
r |
-r |
Milliseconds |
87 |
196 |
45 |
172 |
52 |
120 |
77 |
107 |
131 |
43 |
98 |
84 |
52 |
108 |
107 |
188 |
99 |
202 |
298 |
144 |
96 |
141 |
83 |
150 |
283 |
Character |
-o |
r |
o |
a |
c |
h |
|
s |
o |
|
u |
o |
-o |
-u |
y |
o |
u |
|
w |
i |
l |
l |
|
s |
e |
Milliseconds |
117 |
81 |
42 |
139 |
115 |
66 |
63 |
117 |
67 |
57 |
319 |
143 |
236 |
130 |
142 |
111 |
58 |
72 |
96 |
75 |
157 |
115 |
112 |
29 |
169 |
Character |
|
e |
-e |
- |
e |
|
h |
o |
w |
|
t |
h |
e |
y |
|
l |
e |
a |
d |
|
n |
a |
t |
u |
r |
Milliseconds |
41 |
152 |
186 |
108 |
130 |
48 |
137 |
102 |
71 |
89 |
316 |
23 |
132 |
74 |
13 |
165 |
22 |
146 |
172 |
46 |
154 |
71 |
208 |
111 |
72 |
Character |
a |
l |
l |
y |
|
t |
o |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
m |
a |
i |
n |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
Milliseconds |
204 |
52 |
110 |
146 |
109 |
361 |
76 |
29 |
147 |
73 |
86 |
86 |
136 |
195 |
6 |
304 |
40 |
351 |
112 |
122 |
163 |
323 |
170 |
123 |
98 |
Character |
t |
h |
i |
s |
|
c |
h |
a |
p |
t |
e |
r |
, |
|
t |
h |
e |
|
i |
-i |
l |
i |
m |
i |
t |
Milliseconds |
115 |
44 |
76 |
63 |
157 |
102 |
120 |
118 |
118 |
93 |
239 |
154 |
65 |
40 |
206 |
49 |
114 |
64 |
180 |
241 |
199 |
164 |
74 |
108 |
63 |
Character |
. |
|
T |
h |
e |
|
i |
d |
e |
a |
|
o |
f |
|
a |
|
l |
i |
m |
i |
t |
|
p |
l |
a |
Milliseconds |
124 |
46 |
349 |
128 |
91 |
63 |
93 |
52 |
104 |
159 |
56 |
88 |
100 |
105 |
70 |
84 |
251 |
163 |
81 |
93 |
97 |
80 |
158 |
57 |
114 |
Character |
y |
s |
|
a |
|
f |
o |
u |
n |
d |
a |
t |
i |
o |
n |
a |
l |
|
e |
r |
o |
l |
-l |
-o |
-r |
Milliseconds |
97 |
67 |
179 |
116 |
74 |
257 |
68 |
200 |
48 |
73 |
207 |
189 |
43 |
49 |
132 |
117 |
48 |
92 |
273 |
17 |
64 |
93 |
231 |
132 |
98 |
Character |
-e |
r |
o |
l |
e |
|
t |
h |
r |
o |
u |
g |
h |
t |
|
- |
-t |
-h |
o |
u |
t |
|
- |
-t |
-u |
Milliseconds |
136 |
168 |
16 |
93 |
135 |
75 |
365 |
30 |
154 |
99 |
117 |
120 |
85 |
120 |
102 |
329 |
124 |
125 |
235 |
38 |
94 |
135 |
198 |
129 |
146 |
Character |
-o |
h |
o |
u |
t |
|
c |
a |
l |
c |
l |
l |
-l |
-l |
u |
l |
u |
s |
. |
Milliseconds |
123 |
185 |
135 |
41 |
63 |
127 |
567 |
137 |
49 |
197 |
102 |
64 |
402 |
119 |
174 |
153 |
147 |
71 |
116 |
|
WPM Timing |
Seconds |
WPM |
2.44 |
73.66 |
4.89 |
73.66 |
7.33 |
73.66 |
9.77 |
61.39 |
12.22 |
62.86 |
14.66 |
67.12 |
17.1 |
76.47 |
19.55 |
79.8 |
21.99 |
82.39 |
24.44 |
85.94 |
26.88 |
79.91 |
29.32 |
83.48 |
31.77 |
83.11 |
34.21 |
85.24 |
36.65 |
86.1 |
39.1 |
84.1 |
41.54 |
84.64 |
43.98 |
83.21 |
46.43 |
83.74 |
48.87 |
83.73 |
51.31 |
86.06 |
53.76 |
86.61 |
56.2 |
85.83 |
58.65 |
86.76 |
61.09 |
87.81 |
63.53 |
88.77 |
65.98 |
88.4 |
68.42 |
88.05 |
70.86 |
88.57 |
73.31 |
88.4 |
75.75 |
89.19 |
78.19 |
88.7 |
80.64 |
87.35 |
83.08 |
87.1 |
85.52 |
86.71 |
87.97 |
87.17 |
90.41 |
86.67 |
92.86 |
86.97 |
95.3 |
87.77 |
97.74 |
87.05 |
100.19 |
86.96 |
102.63 |
86.99 |
105.07 |
87.14 |
107.52 |
87.17 |
109.96 |
87.09 |
112.4 |
87.54 |
114.85 |
87.66 |
117.29 |
86.96 |
119.73 |
85.69 |
122.18 |
84.86 |
|